Shahid Beheshti UniversitySustainable Earth Trends3060-62252220220501Multi-objective optimization to manage reservoir water quality and quantity via selective withdrawal and watershed control114102538ENHabibAbbasiDepartment of civil Engineering, Marand Faculty of Technical and Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IranMohammad TaghiAalamiFaculty of Civil Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran,MohammadHossein NiksokhanDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranLeilaMalekanDepartment of civil Engineering, Marand Faculty of Technical and Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IranJournal Article20220706A new approach was presented to manage simultaneously reservoir outflow quantity and quality. Two strategies were used to control reservoir outflow quality: (1) reservoir inflow control with Best Management Practices (BMPs) in the watershed and (2) outflow management by reservoir operational strategy. Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was linked to a reservoir water quality simulation model (CE-QUAL-W2), the linked watershed-reservoir model was coupled with Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (MOPSO) to find the best set of decisions to optimize the reservoir outflow quality and quantity objectives. The approach was applied to Alavian reservoir and its watershed, in Iran, for a 6-year time horizon. The results show the proposed approach could reduce reservoir outflow phosphorus concentration while increasing downstream water supply. The implemented BMPs outperformed the reservoir operational strategy in terms of reservoir outflow quality reducing outflow phosphorus concentration up to 45% comparing with current conditions. Among the four applied BMPs, filter strips had more effect on reducing nutrient loads.<br /> https://sustainearth.sbu.ac.ir/article_102538_8fb3f2cd0273ba8504456a0eb2ab5353.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversitySustainable Earth Trends3060-62252220220501Assessment of the relationship between drought Index And vegetation cover using remote sensing152410253910.48308/sustainearth.2022.102539ENHassanKhosraviAssociate Professor
Department of Arid and Mountainous Regions Reclamation, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, IranPouyanDehghan RahimabadiDepartment of Arid and Mountainous Reclamation Regions, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranHosseinAzarnivandFaculty of Science, School of Biology & Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology, AustraliaSaharAhmadiDepartment of Arid and Mountainous Reclamation Regions, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20220706Drought is a natural phenomenon and the occurrence of this phenomenon is likely in all parts of the world. Drought depends on its severity and one of the its affected resources is vegetation and its conditions. This study tries to present the relationship between vegetation cover and drought in northwest of Iran. To assess the effect of drought on vegetation, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) were determined during 2002–2016 using remote sensing and several software including ArcGIS 10.3, ENVI, SPSS Statistics 17.0 and Microsoft Excel. At the first the correlations between NDVI and VCI were compared with SPI for each year then they were compared with SPI of the last year using MODIS sensor. Pearson correlation was used to calculate the correlation between the indices. The results showed that the correlations between NDVI and VCI with the SPI of same year are 0.568 and 0.481 respectively, and also the correlations between NDVI and VCI with the SPI of last year are 0.377 and 0.269, respectively. These results demonstrate that the correlations between NDVI and VCI with the SPI of same year are more than the SPI of next year also the correlation between NDVI and SPI in the same year is more than NDVI and SPI of the last year which indicate that the density vegetation of each year is directly related to the amount of rainfall of same year.https://sustainearth.sbu.ac.ir/article_102539_a99ff41dfb9b32bbd7377d3085812350.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversitySustainable Earth Trends3060-62252220220501Review of membranes nanofiltration for treatment of water and wastewater252910254010.48308/sustainearth.2022.102540ENFarzadMehrjoDepartment of Environment, Faculty of Environmental and Natural Resources, University of Birjand, Birjand, IranJournal Article20210505Today, a technology membrane nanofiltration has made significant progress in the treatment of pollutants from water and wastewater. This high-pressure technology has been able to produce high amounts of high-quality water. Features such as good pollutant removal capacity, low-cost membrane, reduced energy consumption, and long life of the nanofiltration membranes compared to reverse osmosis and environmentally friendly have made this technology popular in the world. Key features of nanofiltration membrane rejection are the low yield of monovalent ions, high return of divalent ions, and higher flux values compared to the membrane of reverse osmosis. These properties make nanofiltration membranes suitable for water and wastewater treatment, pollutants removal, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and foodstuffs engineering. Disposal of the nanofiltration membranes depends on a set of spatial effects, Donnan potential, dielectric, and conduction. Donnan's classical effect describes the balance and potential membrane interaction between a charged species and the interface of the charged membrane.https://sustainearth.sbu.ac.ir/article_102540_54259fc416abf0bb862137208fe2d25c.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversitySustainable Earth Trends3060-62252220220501Exploring the relationship between vegetation types and environmental factors in Mahdasht plain, Iran303710254110.48308/sustainearth.2022.102541ENSalmanZareFaculty of Natural Resource, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranMohammadJafariFaculty of Natural Resource, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranAliTavilFaculty of Natural Resource, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranHamidrezaAbbasiResearch Institute of Forests and RangelandsJournal Article20220706Understanding laws of growth and development, the interaction between structures and natural factors, and evaluating potentials of ecosystems is the first step in providing a well-founded management to meet economic and social needs and help natural ecosystems to preserve their dynamism. The present study provides an analysis of soil, vegetation types as well as structure and species distribution in Mahdasht plain, Iran; and focuses on the environmental factors that control the species distribution. A data set including floristic vegetation and environmental variables (soil properties from two depths and topographic variable) were analyzed in order to describe the relationships between floristic composition and environmental variables. Classification of the vegetation was analyzed using two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) and Cluster Analysis techniques. Cluster Analysis showed results similar to TWINSPAN and resulted in the recognition of five vegetation groups. PCA was used to examine the relationship between the vegetation and studied environmental parameters. Analysis with PCA suggesting that there is a relatively high correspondence between vegetation and soil factors that explain 97% of the total variance in data set. PCA results showed that soil texture, salinity, PSS, effective soil depth, available nitrogen, potassium and soil moisture criteria were the major soil factors responsible for variations in the pattern of vegetation.https://sustainearth.sbu.ac.ir/article_102541_99577da9876a73b640b5804f413e21c5.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversitySustainable Earth Trends3060-62252220220501Assessment of morphological mhanges of Taleghan river in upstream of Taleghan dam384510254210.48308/sustainearth.2022.102542ENSomaiyehKhaleghiDepartment of Physical Geography, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IranSeyyedHasan SadoghDepartment of Physical Geography, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IranMahnazKhodayariDepartment of Physical Geography, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20220331River channels have been affected by climate changes and human interventions such as channelization, dam, gravel and sand mining and land use changes. Dam changes water and sediment transport in river systems. These changes are as one of the most important factors affecting upstream and downstream river morphology. The aim of this paper is to explain the effect of Taleghan dam (it was constructed from 2001-2006) on upstream of Taleghan River over the period 2000–2017. Taleghan River is very important river in the Central Alborz of Iran. For this reason, Taleghan River was divided 2 reaches as control reach and backwater reach. Channel morphology have been investigated using historical aerial photographs, remote sensing images and field observations. Also channel width, sinuosity index, and particle size distribution were calculated for two reaches pre and post-dam construction. Results showed that the channel width was increased in the post-dam period. Widening was dominated in the backwater and the control reaches but increasing in the channel width in the backwater reach is more than the control reach. the channel width has been increased due to the impact of the dam and flood events. Also the results of grain size distributions showed that dam affects the grain size distribution and leads to an increase in the fine particle size. Finally, the channel adjustment (aggradation and widening) in upstream of Taleghan River may cause floodplain inundation and damage to agriculture and residential area in floodplainhttps://sustainearth.sbu.ac.ir/article_102542_1c5322904d92d5ee7e29f64d769f8540.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversitySustainable Earth Trends3060-62252220220501Evaluation of environmental impacts of the Covid-19 on the Iran an updated review466110184510.48308/sustainearth.2022.101845ENMohammadYazdiDepartment of Geology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20211219The COVID-19 started from Wuhan, China by the end of 2019 and spread rapidly around the world. Since December 2019, COVID-19 disease has spread rapidly in all regions of the world, from cold and dry to hot and humid climates. The virus resulted in about 4.2 million infections and 280,000 deaths around the world (as of 10th May, 2020). But it has resulted in about 154.4 million infections and 3.3 million deaths around the world (as of 10th May, 2021). It means that infection cases have grown about 37 time and death cases about 12 times during the said interval. The virus resulted about 108,000 infections and 6,700 deaths in Iran (as of 10th May, 2020). But it has grown to about 2.6 million infections and about 73,300 deaths one year later (as of 10th May, 2021). It means that infection cases in Iran are about 24 times and death cases are about 11 times as compared to the global data. The ratios are relatively not far from to average data in the other parts of the world. The world has not experienced such catastrophic phenomena after World War I (1914-1918). The catastrophe is affecting not only our health, economy, culture and life style but also our environment. After one year, ideas about role of this crisis in ecosystem and environment are quite different. Optimists believe that this crisis is the best opportunity to reduce pressure on natural resources and provides time for self-reconstruction of the ecosystems and environment. The most positive impacts of this crisis are reduced pressure on natural resources, decrease in air pollution and climate change, deeper understanding of the ecosystems and environment saving. The significant negative impacts of the COVID-19 are human infection, economic losses, increase in household consumption, medicine, face masks, medical gloves, challenge for burial of household and medical waste, reduction in environmental diplomacy, reduction in accuracy of weather forecasts and treat for wildlife infection. Several impacts have been reported on the human and natural environment of Iran. The impacts on the ecosystems and environment of Iran are similar to that reported in other parts of the world.https://sustainearth.sbu.ac.ir/article_101845_ad49a591e7eb631a65f5d8711b54269d.pdf