Shahid Beheshti UniversitySustainable Earth Trends3060-62256220260401Impact of Microfacies, Sedimentary Environment, and Diagenesis on the Reservoir Quality of Ilam Formation in Yadman Field11310573010.48308/set.2025.237977.1096ENMahsaAbediDepartment of Sedimentary Basin and Petroleum, Faculty of Earth Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IranMohammadfaridGhasemiDepartment of Sedimentary Basin and Petroleum, Faculty of Earth Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20241216To investigate the microfossils, microfacies, depositional environment, and diagenetic processes with in the Ilam Formation in Abadan Plain, Well Yadman-1 was studied. This research involved the study of 440 microscopic thin sections obtained from both core and cutting samples. The classification of carbonate rocks followed Dunham's method, microfacies were identified using Fluegel and Wilson's approach, and porosity was defined based on Choquette and Perry's classification. The microfacies analysis unveiled the existence of 10 distinct microfacies, which could be classified into 4 microfacies belts corresponding to shoal, mid-ramp, outer ramp, and basin environments. Notably, the studied facies exhibited a gradual transition and were devoid of reef facies, turbidite deposits, reworked carbonates, slumped and slid facies, oncoides, cortoids, and aggregate grains. These characteristics indicate the deposition of the Ilam Formation on a carbonate ramp of the single slope (homocline) type. Furthermore, various diagenetic processes were identified within the Ilam Formation, including dissolution, cementation, dolomitization, stylolite, pyritization, compaction, and fracturing. Based on the identified microfossils in the framework of two biozones with Santonian ages, zones 30 and 26 Wynd, the age of the Ilam Formation has been determined.https://sustainearth.sbu.ac.ir/article_105730_b9e9c51330955ee69b6f693b7c4c64bc.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversitySustainable Earth Trends3060-62256220260401Evaluating the Geochemistry of Brine Springs in the Northern Khorram Abad, Iran142110574410.48308/set.2025.238563.1111ENIrajMaghfouri MoghaddamDepartment of Geology, Faculty of Science, Lorestan University, Khorram Abad, Iran0000-0002-0116-1768Seyed Mohammad RezaEmmai MeiboudiDepartment of Geology, Faculty of Science, Lorestan University, Khorram Abad, IranMostafaSedaghatDepartment of Geology, Faculty of Science, Lorestan University, Khorram Abad, IranJournal Article20250201For the first time evaluation of the geochemistry of brine springs located in northern Khorram Abad, northern High Zagros zone, was conducted in this study. The springs emerge in carbonate and marl successions of the Lower Miocene Gachsaran Formation, the most important cap rock of oil reservoirs in the Zagros basin, and the carbonate of the middle Cretaceous deposits. A total of 24 samples were taken for XRD analysis, 15 for XRF analysis, and 30 samples for ICP-OES analysis. The results of chemical analysis show that halite is the most important mineral in evaporate deposits, while gypsum, quartz, anhydrite, cristobalite, and dolomite were present at minor levels. Various geochemical evidences such as lower ratio than 1Na/Cl is less than 1 in the brine springs, and the concentration of trace elements B, Na, Cl, K, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, As, Br, Rb, Sr, Zr, Cs, the indicating their deep-basin origin. These springs have found their way to the earth's surface along the faults in the form of fault springs through the lower (Jurassic) evaporite deposits.https://sustainearth.sbu.ac.ir/article_105744_641b3a8d67986c57895693d3eb504301.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversitySustainable Earth Trends3060-62256220260401Assessing Dilapidated Urban Areas Renovation Institutional/Structural Challenges223910575410.48308/set.2025.239918.1122ENAliRahimiDepartment of Urban Planning, Art & Architecture Faculty, University of Guilan, Rasht, IranNaderZaliDepartment of Urban Planning, Art & Architecture Faculty, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran0000-0003-2972-4750Journal Article20250511This study examines the institutional and structural challenges surrounding the renovation of dilapidated and underperforming urban areas in Tehran, with a specific emphasis on conflict resolution among the principal stakeholders engaged in the renewal process. Adopting a post-structuralist perspective and employing the Causal Layered Analysis (CLA) methodology, the research utilizes discourse analysis to explore the underlying narratives, assumptions, and worldviews that inform and sustain conflicts among key actors, including residents, developers, municipal authorities, and governmental institutions. This study highlights the critical need for institutional reform and a shift from quantitative to qualitative frameworks in Tehran’s urban renewal discourse. It calls for an epistemological rethinking that centers justice, public interest, and community engagement. Urban renewal is conceptualized not merely as physical transformation but as a socio-political process shaped by power and discourse. Using Causal Layered Analysis (CLA), the research explores conflicts among actors across four levels: empirical, systemic, discursive, and metaphorical. The findings reveal that institutional fragmentation and conflicting narratives hinder effective renewal. A more integrated governance structure and inclusive discourse are essential for resolving these conflicts. Ultimately, achieving justice-oriented urban renewal in Tehran depends on addressing both structural and conceptual challenges.https://sustainearth.sbu.ac.ir/article_105754_ab3ffeea752d0250d9552774a59824f0.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversitySustainable Earth Trends3060-62256220260401Evaluation of Rapeseed Performance Under Different Irrigation Levels and Eucalyptus Biochar405010578810.48308/set.2025.238701.1112ENMohsenPouladgarDepartment of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranMohammadAlbajiDepartment of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranAbdaliNaseriDepartment of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranSaeedBoroomandnasabDepartment of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranJournal Article20250208Given the arid and semi-arid conditions prevalent in Iran, along with the pressing need for effective water resource management, this study examines the impact of agricultural and horticultural residues converted into biochar on the drought tolerance of rapeseed. The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the yield and various components of the Hyola 50 rapeseed variety, an important global source of edible oil, under conditions of water deficit and differing levels of biochar application. The research was conducted at the Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz's research farm, utilizing a completely randomized block design. The experimental treatments included four irrigation levels (100%, 85%, 70%, and 60% of the crop's water requirements) and two biochar application levels (1% and 2% by weight), each replicated three times. The traits analyzed encompassed yield, plant height, the number of pods per plant, oil content, and thousand-seed weight. The findings revealed that water deficit significantly reduced both yield and its components. Conversely, introducing biochar notably enhanced plant height, the number of pods per plant, and overall yield. However, no significant effects were observed on thousand-seed weight or oil content. The results showed that applying deficit irrigation at 15% does not cause a significant decrease in yield. This study also showed that adding biochar less than 2% by weight to the soil will not have a significant effect on rapeseed plant yield. The results showed that deficit irrigation reduced yield by 40%, plant height by 17%, and thousand-seed weight by 21%. Adding biochar at a level of 2% by weight improved the number of pods per plant by 7%, plant height by 11%, and yield by 18% at a significant level.https://sustainearth.sbu.ac.ir/article_105788_73cc3435d24237400aa52f628aab2166.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversitySustainable Earth Trends3060-62256220260401Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants in Aqueous Solutions Using Noble Metal-Based Nanocomposites516110523610.48308/set.2025.238150.1102ENMaryamMozafarJalaliDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Birjand, Birjand, IranMahmoodHajianiDepartment of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Birjand, Birjand, IranMohammad HosseinSayadiIranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science (INIOAS), Tehran 1411813389, IranJournal Article20241230Magnetic noble metal nanoparticles have garnered considerable attention in recent decades for removing organic pollutants, owing to their exceptional photocatalytic activity, reusability, chemical stability, and environmental compatibility. This study investigates the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of dyes, serving as representative organic pollutants, using Fe₂O₃/Bi/GO nanocomposite under UV light. The Fe₂O₃/Bi/GO nanocomposite was synthesized via a hydrothermal method, and its structure, morphology, and other properties were characterized using XRD, FE-SEM, and VSM techniques. The characterization results confirmed the successful synthesis of the Fe₂O₃/Bi/GO nanocomposite, with particle sizes ranging from 30 to 60 nm and notable magnetic properties. Key factors influencing dye removal, including pH, catalyst concentration, and initial dye concentration, were systematically evaluated. The findings revealed that the Fe₂O₃/Bi/GO nanocomposite exhibits excellent photocatalytic activity for removing dyes from textile wastewater. The optimal pH for degrading Yellow 3G was 3, while for Methylene Blue, it was 11. The ideal catalyst dosage for both dyes was determined to be 0.3 g/L. Under these conditions, 98.23% of 30 mg/L Yellow 3G and 96.87% of 20 mg/L Methylene Blue were effectively photodegraded. Furthermore, the synthesized nanocomposite demonstrated strong recyclability, retaining its performance over five consecutive cycles. With its high efficiency and stability, this photocatalyst offers a practical, sustainable, and eco-friendly solution for removing organic pollutants from water sources.https://sustainearth.sbu.ac.ir/article_105236_a18c104ae098d69a5a62bbddfc2420ed.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversitySustainable Earth Trends3060-62256220260401Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis of Research on System Dynamic Modeling of the Water-Food-Energy Nexus up to 2025627310582110.48308/set.2025.239820.1121ENEfatJabarpourFaculty of Industrial Management and Technology, College of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranFatemehSaghafiFaculty of Industrial Management and Technology, College of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranMahnazHosseinzadehFaculty of Industrial Management and Technology, College of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20250508Water, food, and energy are essential for the sustainable development of societies. However, climate change and population growth have increased pressure on the resources of these three sectors. In this context, the Water–Energy–Food (WEF) Nexus framework emphasizes the complex and interrelated interactions of these resources and seeks to develop integrated management strategies to address the associated challenges. System Dynamics Modeling (SDM), as a tool for modeling complex relationships—especially within the WEF nexus—enables the simulation of interactions and feedbacks within these systems. This study investigates the effectiveness of this method in modeling the water, energy, and food nexus. To this end, a systematic review of scientific literature up to the year 2025 was conducted using the PRISMA framework and bibliometric analysis. The Scopus database and software tools such as EndNote, VOSviewer, and Excel were selected as the main tools for data analysis. Out of 2,265 identified articles, 88 relevant articles were examined in detail. This research includes an analysis of publication trends, geographical distribution, leading journals, key countries, and identification of frequently used keywords in this field. The findings show a continuing upward trend in the number of published articles in the subject area. China leads research efforts in this field, followed by Iran. Science of the Total Environment, with 10 published articles, stands out as the most prominent journal in this area. Keywords such as "sustainable development" and "climate change" frequently appear in the reviewed articles, reflecting the primary research directions in this domain.https://sustainearth.sbu.ac.ir/article_105821_453b9083009cfd5ae2b9fdc44cdd264a.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversitySustainable Earth Trends3060-62256220260401Synthesis of Zinc-reinforced Carbon Nanotubes for Degradation of Erythromycin Antibiotic748310586910.48308/set.2025.240417.1132ENRazieyhAziziDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Birjand, Birjand, IranNazaninFahoulDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran0000-0003-3678-1489Journal Article20250614The growth of urban communities, the expansion of industrial activities, and the adverse effects of human activities on limited water resources have endangered the lives of humans and other living organisms. In recent years, in addition to common pollutants introduced into nature by humans, emerging pollutants have also appeared as a serious challenge. Among these pollutants are pharmaceutical residues. The presence of these types of pollutants and their increasing quantities, given the inability of conventional purification methods to decompose them, has led researchers to focus their attention on new and efficient methods. Therefore, this research aimed to remove the pharmaceutical pollutant erythromycin from aquatic environments using zinc-reinforced carbon nanotubes. The properties of these carbon nanotubes were determined by FESEM, VSM, FTIR, and XRD analyses. A pH of 3 and a catalyst dose of 0.075 g/L with a concentration of 10 mg/L for 60 minutes were the optimal parameters obtained in the experimental process. The fabricated photocatalyst was investigated in contact with the pollutant erythromycin at different concentrations and at different times in the presence of UVC light, and the results of the photodegradation tests showed the remarkable performance of zinc-reinforced carbon nanotubes in eliminating Erythromycin by 94%. Also, at a concentration of 10 mg/L of Erythromycin, after 4 consecutive cycles, the degradation efficiency of this zinc-reinforced carbon nanotube was 70%. Therefore, the use of this photocatalyst can be suggested as a useful method with acceptable efficiency for removing antibiotics from wastewater.https://sustainearth.sbu.ac.ir/article_105869_23bc70f756a77f6eaca455f63bcb3cd3.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversitySustainable Earth Trends3060-62256220260401Rainfall Extremes and Runoff Dynamics in Lokoja Using HEC-HMS: A Hydro-Climate Modeling Approach849510587710.48308/set.2025.240036.1124ENChinyere SalomeOforduEnvironmental Modeling and Biometric, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5054, Ibadan, NigeriaEnyinnaya OkoroOkoroEnvironmental Management and Toxicology, Federal University Otuoke, Bayelsa State, NigeriaJournal Article20250519The hydrological modeling methodology integrates climate and hydrological frameworks to scrutinize the ramifications of climatic variability on aquatic systems, underscoring the necessity of comprehending rainfall-runoff dynamics in Lokoja for the formulation of efficacious flood management and climate adaptation strategies. This study analyzed rainfall-runoff responses using a data-driven hydrological model to identify seasonal rainfall patterns and evaluate flood risk through simulation outputs. Daily rainfall and runoff data from 2010 to 2023, obtained from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet), were analyzed using a Hydrologic Engineering Center’s Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC–HMS)-inspired framework. Model calibration and validation were conducted using the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient, while impulse response functions were employed to compare observed and simulated data. Results indicated the rainfall distribution with a peak (~320 mm) in August and dry conditions from November to April. Significant anomalies occurred in 2012, 2017, and 2022—years marked by heightened flood events—while 2015, 2016, and 2021 displayed drought-like tendencies. Runoff often exceeded 100 m³/s and revealed a near-perfect statistical correlation (r = 1.0) between annual rainfall and modeled runoff with a regression slope of 0.1484 m³/s per mm of rainfall. The model effectively captured the hydrological response of Lokoja’s watershed, highlighting the significant influence of rainfall anomalies on runoff patterns. These findings reinforce the importance of predictive modeling for flood risk assessment. Future studies should integrate climate forecasts and land use change assessments to enhance hydrological predictions and inform sustainable flood mitigation strategies.https://sustainearth.sbu.ac.ir/article_105877_ec48cf2c4a406bb53cbb2e9f8c67932a.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversitySustainable Earth Trends3060-62256220260401Developing an Educational Competency Model for HSE Officials in the Steel Industry9610810591410.48308/set.2025.239960.1123ENHamid RezaSameri KamareiDepartment of Environmental Education, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, IranMarymLarijaniDepartment of Environmental Education, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, IranMohammad RezaSarmadiDepartment of Educational Science, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, IranMarjanMasoomifardDepartment of Educational Science, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran0000-0002-1780-2064Journal Article20250514The aim is to develop a training competency model for HSE officials in steel industry factories. This research is practical in terms of its purpose. To conduct this research, a mixed-methods approach (combining qualitative and quantitative methods) with an exploratory design was employed. In the quantitative part, a descriptive survey method was employed, and in the qualitative part, a descriptive-analytical method was used. The statistical population of the qualitative part included theoretical and empirical experts, and according to the saturation principle and the purposive sampling method, 19 interviewees were selected. Also, in the quantitative part, the statistical population included all officials (HSE) in the country's steel industry (530 people), and using the method of calculating the minimum sample size in factor analysis, 223 officials were selected. The data collection method in the qualitative section was semi-structured interviews, and in the quantitative section, researcher-made questionnaires derived from the findings of the qualitative section were used to assess the validity of the model from the perspective of the participants in the qualitative section and also from the perspective of the respondents in the quantitative section, and the validity and reliability of the tool were examined and confirmed in both qualitative and quantitative sections. The data analysis method in the qualitative section included content analysis with MaxQDA-V2018, SPSS-V27, and SmartPLS-V3 software. The competence of officials (HSE) in the country's steel industry factories includes five main parts: "general and professional knowledge", "attitude", "skills", and "psychological and behavioral factors".https://sustainearth.sbu.ac.ir/article_105914_d35e706f1707542be4aed5524e1756f4.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversitySustainable Earth Trends3060-62256220260401Environmental Evaluation of the Socio-Cultural Impacts of Establishing a Cafe-Restaurant in District 4 of Tehran10911910592710.48308/set.2025.240499.1136ENEhsanKhaliliDepartment of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranMohammadsaberBaghkhanipourDepartment of Planning and Designing the Environment, Environmental Sciences Research Institute (ESRI), Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IranSamanHosseinabadiDepartment of Animal Science Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranFarzadMehrjoDepartment of Water Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Kashmar Higher Education Institute, Kashmar, IranJournal Article20250628In recent decades, the quality of the living environment has emerged as a critical concern in contemporary society. Rapid urban expansion and physical development have precipitated numerous environmental challenges and a concomitant decline in overall quality of life. Among the determinants of urban functionality, the spatial location of commercial establishments such as cafe-restaurants significantly influences qualitative outcomes. This study aims to identify and assess the potential social and cultural impacts associated with the establishment of the Resalat Cafe-Restaurant in District 1, Region 4 of Tehran Municipality. Furthermore, it seeks to propose strategic interventions to mitigate adverse effects while enhancing positive outcomes. Employing an analytical-descriptive framework grounded in qualitative and phenomenological methodologies, data were collected via semi-structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Thematic analysis was utilized to systematically interpret the qualitative data. Findings indicate that the proposed cafe-restaurant holds substantial potential to improve accessibility and enhance security within the park area. Conversely, the project may engender environmental challenges and unintended cultural repercussions, including diminished social capital and resident dissatisfaction. Effective project implementation necessitates comprehensive traffic management, mitigation of nightlife-related disturbances, preservation of the park’s ecological integrity, and addressing socio-cultural tensions through integrated physical, traffic, and cultural interventions. The study advocates for the reinforcement of social and environmental monitoring mechanisms involving local citizens and non-governmental organizations, leveraging their capacities to alleviate social issues, including the management of influential individuals within the community.https://sustainearth.sbu.ac.ir/article_105927_f5c894a22cd63ca4a33cf6c2756c882f.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversitySustainable Earth Trends3060-62256220260401Spatiotemporal Assessment of Hydro-Meteorological Droughts Associating with Socio-Economic Impacts in The Southern Alborz Mountains, Iran12013610682910.48308/set.2026.243474.1182ENKazemNosratiDepartment of Physical Geography, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, 1983963113 Tehran, IranSomaiyehKhaleghiDepartment of Physical Geography, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, 1983963113 Tehran, IranJournal Article20260209Accurate prediction and assessment of diverse drought types are crucial for sustainable water resource management, environmental protection, and socio-economic resilience. This study explores the interconnections between meteorological, hydrological, and socio-economic droughts across selected sub-basins in the southern of the Alborz Mountains, Iran. It focuses on evaluating the relationship between two meteorological drought indices—the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI)—and the hydrological drought index, the Standardized Streamflow Index (SSI), while also examining associated socio-economic impacts. In the first phase, a comparative analysis of SPI and SPEI revealed a strong correlation, with SPEI showing a faster and more sensitive response to drought conditions. This highlights the influence of evapotranspiration in arid and semi-arid environments and supports the selection of SPEI as a more appropriate index in such regions. The second phase involved analyzing five sub-basins with long-term data records to evaluate meteorological and hydrological drought interactions. Although the correlation between SPEI and SSI was weak, likely due to temporal response lags, their overall trend patterns were consistent. In the final phase, socio-economic dimensions were introduced by analyzing cropland area and population metrics within the selected sub-basins. The findings showed no statistically significant relationships between these socio-economic indicators and the drought indices, suggesting the influence of additional mediating factors. Overall, the study underscores the multifaceted, non-linear nature of drought impacts and calls for integrated, multi-dimensional approaches in drought monitoring and management to enhance resilience and adaptive capacity in vulnerable regions.https://sustainearth.sbu.ac.ir/article_106829_77e5b95c07958a55ecc2e8c083e23d87.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversitySustainable Earth Trends3060-62256220260401Enhancing Visitor Satisfaction in Gorgan's Urban Parks: A Focused Study of City Park and Mellat Park13714910592910.48308/set.2025.240138.1125ENSomayehGaldaviDepartment of Water Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Kashmar Higher Education Institute, Kashmar, Iran0000-0002-2218-1186MarjanMohammadzadehDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, IranMajidMakhdoomFaculty of Natural Resources, Tehran University (Retirement), Tehran, IranSeyedhamedMirkarimiDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, IranAbdolrassoulSalman MahinyDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, IranJournal Article20250527This study aimed to analyze visitor satisfaction (VS) in Gorgan's urban parks, specifically City Park and Mellat Park, and to formulate recommendations for increasing VS and usability. The VS and usability are related to various aspects, including furniture, facilities, security, safety, and aesthetics, that the parks should prepare for visitors, which were investigated in this research. An analytical survey method was employed, utilizing questionnaires and fieldwork. 100 Survey forms were distributed among park users during the peak seasons of visiting the parks, specifically in spring and summer, by random sampling. The results of the satisfaction assessment were quantified by examining the weighted values of the individuals' responses. The final results were then obtained based on this analysis. The results indicated that all examined factors in both parks were at a medium level (1.75-2.5). However, visitors expressed that the criterion of "access to the park" was somewhat satisfactory. Despite this, none of the park components were found to be in a suitable condition. Overall, visitors’ satisfaction with the park conditions was rated as average in both parks. To maintain the spirit of joy and happiness in society, it is essential to improve the condition of our resources. Therefore, implementing programs such as enhancing the quality and safety of children's playground equipment and improving the facilities in parks, including furniture and stores, was recommended to better serve visitors. Additionally, several suggestions to increase the usability and optimize the conditions of parks were prepared, encouraging more citizens to visit and enjoy these spaces.https://sustainearth.sbu.ac.ir/article_105929_d97c9aa4711bb37aaf7d503bf8c5ac88.pdf