Assessing Residences’ Climatic Compatible Comfort Approach to Low-Cost Low Energy Consume Strategies, Case Study: Qazvin City, Iran

Document Type : Original Research Article

Authors

1 Department of engineering, Danesh Alborz University, Abyek, Iran

2 Department of Geography, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran

3 Department of Art and Architecture, Guilan University, Rasht, Iran

Abstract

Climatic conditions inside and outside buildings are one of the most influential factors affecting human comfort. Considering the increase in population, pollution, and energy crises, providing climatic comfort conditions inside the building is a significant issue. compatibility with the climate and consuming less energy is the right approach to overcome this crisis. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the climatic comfort conditions and optimize energy consumption (approached to zero-energy strategies) in buildings of Qazvin City, Iran. The data of 29 climatic parameters of the Qazvin synoptic station were used during the statistical period of 2000-2020. The climatic comfort range of Qazvin city was checked. Then, climatic-compatible comfort conditions and optimization of energy consumption in the buildings were analyzed with four different comfort models. The results showed which months have comfortable or uncomfortable conditions in each of the studied parameters. The examination indicates that the approach to ASHRAE 55 comfort, Comfort 2013, Adaptive comfort, and ASHRAE 2005 model, respectively, 12.4%, 9%, 9.2%, and 7.2% of the year (1085, 785, 810, and 632 hours), the buildings of are within the natural comfort range. The zero-energy design strategies i. e. Small well-insulated skylight windows, minimize or eliminate west-facing glazing, efficient natural ventilation, low-pitched roofs with wide overhangs, etc. enhance residences’ climatic compatible comfort. The results of the comparison of climate-compatible comfort strategies with existing situations suggested that the high energy consumer, costly ineffectiveness utilities, and building design are used to supply the residents’ comfort.

Keywords

Main Subjects


Abdollahzadeh, M., Heidari, S. & Einifar, A. 2021. The investigation of thermal adaptation in apartments in hot and dry climate: a study on thermal comfort and thermal behavior in Shiraz. Naqshejahan 11, 33-48, https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23224991.1400.11.3.2.9.
Alghoul, S. K., Rijabo, H. G. & Mashena, M. E. 2017. Energy consumption in buildings: A correlation for the influence of window to wall ratio and window orientation in Tripoli, Libya. J. Build. Eng. 11, 82–86, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2017.04.003.
ASHRAE Standard 55, Thermal environmental conditions for human occupancy (ANSI approved), American society of heating, refrigerating, and air-conditioning engineers, 2004.
ASHRAE, ASHRAE handbook of fundamentals, chapter 8 thermal comfort, American society of heating, refrigerating, and air-conditioning engineers, Atlanta, 2005.
ASHRAE, ASHRAE handbook of fundamentals, chapter 8 thermal comfort, American society of heating, refrigerating, and air-conditioning engineers, Atlanta, 2017.
Attia, S. & Carlucci, S. 2015. Impact of different thermal comfort models on zero energy residential buildings in hot climate. Energy Build. 102, 117-128, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.05.017.
Brager, G. S. & De Dear R. J. 1998. Thermal adaptation in the built environment: a literature review. Energy build. 27(1), 83-96, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7788(97)00053-4.
California Energy Code, Building energy efficiency standards for residential and nonresidential buildings, California Energy Commission, CEC-400-2008-001-CMF, 2008.
de Dear, R. & Brager, G. S. 2001. The adaptive model of thermal comfort and energy conservation in the built environment. Int. J. Biometeorol. 45, 100–108, https://doi.org/10.1007/s004840100093
de Dear, R. & Brager, G. S. 2002. Thermal comfort in naturally ventilated buildings: revisions to ASHRAE standard 55. Energy Build. 34, 549-561, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7788(02)00005-1.
De Masi, R. F., Festa, V., Gigante, A., Ruggiero, S. & Vanoli, G. P. 2023. The role of windows on building performance under current and future weather conditions of European climates. Energy Build. 292, 113177, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2023.113177.
Eskandari, H., Saedvandi, M. & Mahdavinejad, M. 2018. The impact of Iwan as a traditional shading device on the building energy consumption. Build. 8, https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings8010003.
Freidooni, F., Ataei, H. & Shahryar, F. 2015. Estimating the Occurrence Probability of Heat Wave Periods Using the Markov Chain Model. J. sustain. Develop. 8, 26-45, doi:10.5539/jsd.v8n2p26.
Freidooni, F., Sohankar, A., Rastan, M. R. & Shirani, E. 2021. Flow field around two tandem non-identical-height square buildings via LES. Build. Environ. 201, 107985, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.107985.
Freidooni. F, Freidooni, S. & Gandomkar, A. 2022. Climatic compatible future cities locating approach to less non-renewable energy consumption. J. Urban Manage. Energy Sustain. 4(2): 1-13, DOI: 10.22034/ijumes.2022.
Goia, F. 2016. Search for the optimal window-to-wall ratio in office buildings in different European climates and the implications on total energy saving potential. Sol. Energy 132, 467–492, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2016.03.031.
Hashemi Rafsanjani, L. & Heidari, S. 2018. Evaluating adaptive thermal comfort in residential buildings in hot-arid climates Case study: Kerman province in hot and dry climate. J. Archit. 6, 43-65, 10.29252/ahdc.2018.1422.
López-Pérez, L. A. & Flores-Prieto, J. J. 2023. Adaptive thermal comfort approach to save energy in tropical climate educational building by artificial intelligence. Energy 263, 125706, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2022.125706.
Luo, M., Wang, Z., Brager, G., Cao, B. & Zhu, Y. 2018. Indoor climate experience, migration, and thermal comfort expectation in buildings. Build. Environ. 141, 262-272, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.05.047.
Maier, T., Krzaczek, M. & Tejchman, J. 2009. Comparison of physical performances of the ventilation systems in low-energy residential houses. Energy Build. 41(3), 337-353, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2008.10.007.
Martilli, A. 2014. An idealized study of city structure, urban climate, energy consumption, and air quality. Urban Clim. 10, 430-446, doi:10.1016/j.uclim.2014.03.003.
Misiopecki, C., Bouquin, M., Gustavsen, A. & Jelle, B. P. 2018. Thermal modeling and investigation of the most energy-efficient window position. Energy Build. 158, 1079-1086, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.10.021.
Mokhtari, L., Kariminia, S. & Kianersi, M. 2022. Typology of general form and relative compactness of residential buildings in Tehran from the perspective of climatic performance and optimization of energy consumption. Naqshejahan 11, 60-78, https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23224991.1400.11.4.5.4.
Murathan, E. K. & Manioğlu, G. 2024. A simulation-based evaluation of using PCMs in buildings for energy efficiency under different climate conditions. J. Energy Storage 75, 109738, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2023.109738.
Nasrollahi, N., Hatami, M., Khastar, S. R. & Taleghani, M. 2017. Numerical evaluation of thermal comfort in traditional courtyards to develop new microclimate design in a hot and dry climate. Sustain. cities soc. 35, 449-467, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2017.08.017.
Nguyen, A. T., Singh, M. K. & Reiter, S. 2012. An adaptive thermal comfort model for hot humid South-East Asia, Build. Environ. 56, 291-300, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2012.03.021.
Nicol, F. 1993. Thermal comfort—a handbook for field studies towards an adaptive model, University of East London, UK.
Nicol, F., Humphreys, M. & Roaf, S. 2017. Adaptive thermal comfort principles and practice, Routledge, New York.
Nicol, J. F. & Humphreys, M.A. 2002. Adaptive thermal comfort and sustainable thermal standards for buildings. Energy Build. 34, 563-572, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7788(02)00006-3.
Raimundo, A. M. & Oliveira, A. V. M. 2022. Analyzing thermal comfort and related costs in buildings under Portuguese temperate climate. Build. Environ. 219, 109238, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109238.
Shaeri, J., Habibi, A., Yaghoubi, M. & Chokhachian, A. 2019. The optimum window-to-wall ratio in once buildings for hot-humid, hot-dry, and cold climates in Iran. Environ. 6 https://doi.org/10.3390/environments6040045.
Shaeri, J., Yaghoubi, M. & Habibi, A. 2018. Influence of Iwans on the Thermal Comfort of Talar Rooms in the Traditional Houses: A Study in Shiraz, Iran. Build. 8, http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings8060081.
Singh, M. K., Kumar, S., Ooka, R., Rijal, H. B., Gupta, G. & Kumar, A. 2018. Status of thermal comfort in naturally ventilated classrooms during the summer season in the composite climate of India. Build. Environ. 128, 287-304, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.11.031.
Takasu, M., Ooka, R., Rijal, H. B., Indraganti, M. M. & Singh, K. 2017. Study on adaptive thermal comfort in Japanese offices under various operation modes. Build. Environ. 11, 273-288, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.02.023.
Wang, H., Lin, C., Hu, Y., Zhang, X., Han, J. & Cheng, Y. 2023. Study on indoor adaptive thermal comfort evaluation method for buildings integrated with semi-transparent photovoltaic window, Build. Environ. 228, 109834, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109834.
Yan, H., Sun, Z., Shi, F., Yuan, G., Dong, M. & Wang, M. 2022. Thermal response and thermal comfort evaluation of the split air conditioned residential buildings. Build. Environ. 221, 109326, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109326.
Yang, H., Liu, L., Li, X., Liu, C. & Jones, P. 2017. Tailored domestic retrofit decision making towards integrated performance targets in Tianjin, China. Energy Build. 140, 480–500, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.12.040.
Zheng, P., Wu, H., Liu, Y., Ding, Y. & Yang, L. 2022. Thermal comfort in temporary buildings: A review. Build. Environ. 221, 109262, ttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109262.
Ziaee, N. & Vakilinezhad, R. 2022. Multi-objective optimization of daylight performance and thermal comfort in classrooms with light-shelves: Case studies in Tehran and Sari, Iran. Energy Build. 254, 111590, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.111590.
Ziarani, N. N. & Haghighi, A. P. 2019. Anticipating an efficient relative humidity in a room under direct solar radiation and equipped by radiant cooling panel system. Int. J. Refrigeration 98, 98-108, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2018.10.018.