Using evidence of geomorphology, experimental and analytical hierarchy Using evidence of geomorphology, experimental and analytical hierarchy analysis in karstification (in Kalat mountain in the North East of Iran)

Document Type : Original Research Article

Authors

1 Department of Geomorphology, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of hakim Sabzevari, Sabzevar, Iran

2 Department of Geomorphology, Faculty of Accounting and Management, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad branch, Mashhad, Iran

Abstract

The Identification of Karsticity degree of a karstic basin is very important for the management of water resources and tourism in a region. The purpose of this research is to identify the degree of karsticity of a karstic basin using geomorphologic, empirical, and hierarchical analysis. The research tool includes a topographic map of kalat 1: 50000, a geological map of kalat 1: 100000, aerial photographs of 1: 40000, Google Earth satellite imagery, ARC GIS software, GPS device, meter, compass, Hammock Smith and a digital camera. The results of the study showed that using field evidence, the diversity of landforms is relatively low, there are no cave deposits, and caves are not developed. In the evolutionary stages of karst using the Waltham and Fookse method, the basin is in a young stage. Using a Cvijic Karstic method, it is in the transitional phase. Using the empirical Corbel equation, the karstic erosion indicates a semi-evolutionary condition of the karst. Calcium rate, in the ICP method and weight percentages of lime in carbonate formations, indicating relatively low calcium purity in the carbonate formations of the basin, indicating the degree of development of karst is towards the young. Finally, using the hierarchical analysis model, the total area of ​​the Kalat basin was 19.04% in the less developed class, 24.57% in the undeveloped class, 42.88% in the middle class and 14.38% in the developed class it has been found that due to the small extent of the developed areas of the basin, it shows the young stage. Using the results obtained from different methods and combining this information, Kalat mountain basin can be developed from the perspective of karst development in the less developed category and the karstization of this basin is at a young stage.
 

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Alizadeh, A., 2010. Principles of Applied Hydrology, Imam Reza University Press, 245 p.
Bahrami, S., Zanganeh Asadi, M.A. & Jahanfar, A.S., 2016. Evaluation of Karst development using. Hydrodynamic and hydrogeochemical properties of karstic springs in Zagros (study area: Qallaje anticline and Paraw Bistoon massif). Geography and Development Magazine, 3, 61-74.
Bagheri Seyed Shokri, S., Yamani, M., Jafar Beyglou, M., Karimi, H. & Moghimi, E., 2015. Investigation on the Development and Hydrodynamic Properties of Karstic Systems Using Hydrographic Landing Curve Analysis in Alvand River Karstic Aquifers. Journal of Natural Geography, 47(3), 346-333.
Behniyafar, A., Qanbarzadeh, H. & Farzaneh, A.S., 2009. Geomorphic Characteristics of Akhlamad Karst Masses in the Northern Slopes of Binalood Highlands, Zahedan. Geography and Development Magazine, 14, 121-140.
Behniyafar, A. & Ghanbarzadeh, H., 2016. Karst geomorphology, Mashhad, Green Publishers.
Bogli, A., 2009. Karst Hydrology and Physical Speleology, Springer-Verlag Berlin.
Calic, J., 2011. Karstic uvula revisited: Toward a redefinition of the term. Geomorphology, 134(1), 32-42.
Chenini, I. & Ben, M.A., 2010. Groundwater Recharge Study in Arid Region: An Approach Using GIS Techniques and Numerical Modeling. Computers and Geosciences, 36, 801-817.
Chorley, R.J., Harkin, a. & sami, s., 2007. Geomorphology, 2, 220-199. Cvijic, J., 1925. Type’s morphologiques des terrains calcaires.  Comptes Rendus. Académie des Sciences (Paris), 180, 592-594.
Cvijic, J., 1925. Type’s morphologiques des terrains calcaires.  Comptes Rendus, Académie des Sciences (Paris), 180, 592-594.
Ford, D. & Williams, P.D., 2007. Karst hydrogeology and geomorphology. West Sussex, England: John Wiley and Sons. Ghobadi, M.H., 2010. Karst Engineering Geology, Second Edition, Bu-Ali Sina University Press, Hamedan, Iran.
Ghobadi, M.H. & Behzad tabar, P., 2016. Evaluation of Karst Development Based on Lithological, Morphological, and Structural Characteristics in Bidorskh Region, East Scene, East of Kermanshah Province. Journal of New Applied Geology, 10(20), 76-91.
Hung, L.Q., Dimr, N.Q., Tam, V.T. & Lagrou, D., 2002. Remote sensing and GIS based analysis of cave development in the Suoimuoi Catchment (Son La- NW Vietnam). Journal of Cave and Karst.
Khanlari, G. & Momeni, A.S., 2012. Geomorphology, Hydrogeology and the Study of Factors Affecting Karst Development in the Gareen western Region of Iran. Geography and Regional Planning, 3, 74-61.
Khazri, S., Shahabi, H. & Mohammadi, S., 2018. Evaluation and zoning of Karst evolution of the Sahoulan Cave of Mahabad Basin using Analytical Hierarchy Process. Journal of Quantitative Geomorphology Research, 1, 21-39.
Lamoreaux, P.E., 2007. Karst: the foundation for concepts in hydrogeology. Bull Eng Geol Environ, 51. Studies, 64(1), 23-33.
Mahmoudi, F., 2004. sructural Geomorphology, Eighth Edition, Payame Noor Publications.
Milanovic, P.J., 1981. Karst hydrogeology. Colorado, CO: Water Resources ublications.
Mishra, R.C., Biju, C. & Naik, R.D., 2010. Remote Sensing and GIS for Groundwater Mapping and Identification of Artificial Recharge Sites, Geo-environmental Engineering and Geotechnics: Progress in Modeling and Applications. Proceedings of Sessions of GeoShanghai China, 216-223.
Moghimi, A. & Mahmoudi, F., 2005. Research Method in Natural Geography, Gomes Publications, Tehran.
Moradi, S., Rezaei, M. & Parhamat, J., 2010. Investigating the Effect of Different Factors on the Development of Karst Zars' Karstic Zones. TwentyNinth Earth Science Congress, Bahman, Tehran, Iran.
Palmer, A.N., 2007. Cave Geology: Dayton, Ohio, Cave Books 454.
Ozyurt, N.N., Lutz, H.O., Hunjak, T., Mance, D. & Roller-Lutz, Z., 2014. Characterization of the Gacka River basin karst aquifer (Croatia): Hydrochemistry, stable isotopes and tritium-based mean residence times. Science of the Total Environment, 487, 245-254.
Rao, P.J., Harikrishna, P., Srivastav, S.K., Satyanarayana, P.V.V. & Rao, B.V.D., 2009. Selection of groundwater potential zones in and around Madhurawada DomeVisakhapatnam District A GIS approach. Jurnal Ind Geophys Union, 13(4), 191-200.
Ruh, B.J., Valero, L., Aghajari, L., Beamud, E. & Gharabeigli, G., 2019. Vertical-axis rotation in East Kopet Dagh, NE Iran, inferred from paleomagnetic data: oroclinal bending or complex local folding kinematics?. Swiss Journal of Geosciences, 112, 543-562.
Saaty, T.L., 1980. The Analytic Hierarchy Process, Mcgraw _ Hill, Inc., Reprinted by RWS Publications, Pittsburgh.
Sepand, S., Chitazazan, M., Rangzan, K. & Mirzai, Y., 2008. Integration of GIS and GIS data in the potential of groundwater underground water resources. Geomatics congress of Tehran 35.
Waltham, A.C. & Fookes, P.G., 2010. Engineering classification of karst ground conditions. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 36, 101-108.
Yamani, M., Shamsipour, A.A., Jafari Aghdam, M. & Bagheri Seydleshki, S., 2014. Investigating the Factors Influencing the Development and zonation of the Karel Basin of Cheleh Basin Using Fuzzy Logic and Analytical Hierarchy Analysis, Kermanshah Province. Journal of Geosciences Year, 22, 66-57.
Zanganeh Asadi, M.A., Shafiei, N. & Cullivand, T., 2018. Evaluating the Karst erosion in Fahlian calcareous basin. Fifth National Conference of Iranian Geomorphology Association 217.
Zarvash, N., Vaezi, A. & Karimi, H., 2015. Evaluation of the potential of Karst development in the high altitude of the province Ilam Using Fuzzy Integration and AHP Hierarchy Process Analysis and GIS Analysis. Journal of Researches Quantitative Geomorphology, Year, 3(3), 144-157.
Zeng, S., Jiang, Y. & Liu, Z., 2016. Assessment of climate impacts on the karst related carbon sink in SW China using MPD and GIS. Global and Planetary Change, 144, 171-181.
 
 

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics