An Investigation of the Sub-Lethal Effects of Super Galant Herbicide on Capoeta fusca

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Document Type : Original Research Article

Authors

Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran

Abstract

Pesticides can threaten the health of aquatic organisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sublethal concentrations of the herbicide Super Galant on antioxidant indices and histological changes in the gills and intestine of Capoeta fusca. It was hypothesized that this exposure would cause oxidative stress and tissue damage. The median lethal concentration (LC50) of the herbicide Super Galant in Capoeta fusca was determined based on OECD guidelines, and antioxidant and histological evaluations were conducted after 28 days of exposure on 40 fish. The data were analyzed using the ANOVA test at a significance level of P<0.05. The results show that the median lethal concentration of the herbicide Super Galant in 96 hours is 1.20 mg/L. Also, the activity of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels respectively from 130.47 ± 19.57 U/mL and 1.62 ± 0.22 nmol/mL in the control group in the treatments of 25, 50, and 75 percent of the 96-hour median lethal concentration of the herbicide Super Galant decreased to 112.82 ± 15.79, 106.91 ± 9.62 and 103.11 ± 12.37 U/mL and 1.41 ± 0.19, 0.94 ± 0.11 and 0.67 ± 0.06 nmol/mL. Histopathological damages found in the gills include fusion of secondary lamellae, shortening of secondary lamellae, tissue oedema and curvature. Overall, the results of this study show that exposure to the herbicide Super Galant causes physiological disruption and structural damage in Capoeta fusca and can affect the health of aquatic ecosystems.

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Sustainable Earth Trends

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 27 June 2026

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