Sustainable Earth Trends

Sustainable Earth Trends

Issues of Climate Change and the Ganges Kobadak Irrigation Project

Document Type : Review Article

Authors
Mostak Bari Fahim 1
Muha Suliman 2
1 Department of Criminology and Police Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail- 1902, Bangladesh
2 Manager, Media Relations and Partnership, BRAC, Dhaka- 1212, Bangladesh
10.48308/set.2025.241143.1152
Abstract
The Ganges Kobadak (G-K) Irrigation Project is the largest irrigation initiative in South Asia, which has historically met the water demands of this region with minimal electricity consumption. However, its effectiveness has declined in recent years due to both technical and climate-related challenges. This study follows a qualitative approach to explore the project's inception, historical performance, and the impact of climate change on its current issues. Data were collected through in-depth interviews using a semi-structured interview guide, involving a total of 11 respondents, including seven farmers, two residents, and two project officials. The thematic analysis technique was followed to present the findings. This study found that after the construction of the Farakka Barrage, the G-K project has experienced a loss in efficiency, with severe droughts, flash floods, and declining groundwater levels complicating water availability. Increased salinity in soil and water, excessive heat, and mechanical issues have further undermined agricultural production, threatened food security, and prompted migration. The study concludes that urgent intervention is needed to address these issues. Recommendations include revising the water distribution treaty with India, rehabilitating technical infrastructure, modernizing equipment, increasing manpower, and ensuring equitable water distribution. Climate-driven challenges such as extreme weather conditions, water salinity, and inconsistent rainfall require immediate, comprehensive action to restore the project's effectiveness and safeguard the livelihoods of millions of farmers. A fair water-sharing agreement and comprehensive project rehabilitation are vital to ensuring food security and reducing climate change issues in the project.
Keywords
Climate change
Droughts
Flash floods
Farakka barrage
Ganges kobadak irrigation project
Subjects
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Sustainable Earth Trends
Volume 6, Issue 4 - Serial Number 4
Autumn 2026
Pages 160-173