National parks play a crucial role in preserving biodiversity, natural beauty, and cultural heritage. The world’s first national park, Yellowstone National Park in the United States, was established in 1872. Today, thousands of national parks exist worldwide, contributing to the conservation of natural ecosystems and wildlife. In Ethiopia, national parks face significant threats from anthropogenic activities, including illegal hunting, habitat conversion, the spread of invasive species, deforestation, and climate change. These challenges are exacerbated by weak law enforcement and inadequate financial support. Addressing these issues requires comprehensive management strategies, including promoting community participation in conservation, raising awareness of the importance of ecological preservation, ensuring equitable benefit-sharing from national parks, strengthening law enforcement, and conducting scientific research on land-use changes. Furthermore, providing alternative livelihood opportunities and income sources for local communities can help reduce pressure on these critical ecosystems. Implementing these measures can improve the sustainability and ecological integrity of Ethiopia’s national parks, ultimately benefiting both wildlife and local communities.